This post is part of the series in response to Dunbar’s 2012 Australian seminars. See index.
Dunbar advocated what he called ‘repetitive reinstruction’ as a form of verbal punishment for dogs that do not obey a trained cue.
He called this technique negative punishment (taking away something good), but this only happens if you are always rewarding the behaviour in the first place. Repetitive reinstruction is taking away the ‘nice sweet speaking person’ and you get ‘annoying and over the top’ person. It works quickly, and response reliability increases after successive trials.
This is Dexter, a young Staffy X available for adoption through Adelaide All Breed Dog Rescue. Click his picture to visit their Facebook page.
The best way to illustrate this technique is by describing training a distance sit. Here is the process:
1) While the dog is playing, grab the dog by the collar, give them a treat, then release them to continue play.
2) While the dog is playing, grab the dog by the collar, ask for a sit, give treat, and then release them to continue play.
3) Without touching the dog, cue sit, then grab the collar, give a treat, and send them to play.
4) From a casual position, cue “sit” as many times as necessary (perhaps decreasing distance and increasing urgency in voice) until the dog sits. Once the dog sits, release the dog, ask for a second sit, reward when the dog sits on the first cue, treat the dog, and send it to go play.
In this way, the dog is repetitively reinstructed to perform the behaviour until it does so. Though this may be a number of cues in the first instance, over time, the number of cues will reduce to 1-2 cues. He assures us that this does work – the number of responses increases per the number of cues, over time.
Dunbar acknowledges that collar grabs should always be associated with good things, in order to reduce the likelihood of dog bites from this interaction (touching a dog collar is often a precursor to a dog biting).
Obedience competition has made a second cue a ‘crime’. In reality, we are aiming for one cue eventually, but it’s okay to use multiple cues in training. Dunbar has collected figures to graph the improvement and there is an improvement over time (i.e. the number of cues diminishes).
Not only is this repetitive reinstruction, it is also specific redirection. It is instructing the dog what to do in order to stop the negative punishment. This can be a useful way to direct the dog during ‘crazy times’ (when the dog is over aroused, like when the doorbell goes).
Dunbar argues that the cue doesn’t become ‘irrelevent’, because if the dog doesn’t perform the first time, the cue was irrelevant anyway.
This is one of the more controversial suggestions from Dunbar, with many dog trainers advocating for one cue only.
Suggested further reading:
Patricia McConnell on repeated cues.
“Rover, sit. Sit. SIT. SitSitSit!!!” – a review of Dunbar’s suggestions by Boulder Dog.
If I remember correctly (I’m too lazy to go look it up), when I saw Ian a few years ago, he framed repetitive instruction as a negative reinforcement procedure. The dog was reinforced for sitting by removing the annoying person chanting at him. (Of course, the quadrants always work hand-in-hand like that, so…)
Yes, you’re right. By verbally correcting a dog by verbal feedback, the dog is: a) Getting positive punishment (the verbals are unpleasant), b) Getting negative punishment (the nice verbals you normally get are gone away), c) Getting positive reinforcement (the nice person comes back once they do the right thing) and also d) Getting negative reinforcement (the bad person goes away once they do the right thing).
Which I’ll get into in a later post.
Just one of many reasons why Dunbar doesn’t like the quadrants.
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Wow your webpage was so difficult to read through.. the grammar, run-on sentences and just overall writing style is so challenging to read! Here is an example, ” What this has done repetitively reinstructed the dog to perform the behaviour until it does so.”
Also, very contradicting to many professional dog trainers. A command should not be repeated over and over if the dog is not listening the first time, this enforces bad behavior/not listening. “What this has done repetitively reinstructed the dog to perform the behaviour until it does so. Though this may be a number of cues in the first instance, over time…”
Hi Mel. Thanks for noting the error! I’ve changed it to better understanding, I hope! You’re right – Dr Dunbar’s advice is not what other professional trainers recommend in this area.