This post is part of the series in response to Dunbar’s 2012 Australian seminars. See index.
In the seminar, Dunbar asked us what we were afraid of. People called out common fears like spiders, enclosed spaces, and speaking in public (along was the less common fear of “tree roots”), and from these suggestions Dunbar presented a scenario:
Imagine you are going to take an elevator that is damp and smelly, and made of tree roots, and full of spiders. It’s going to take you to the highest floor of the building, where you will deliver a public address – naked. And then base jump.
Now, if your fear is not spiders or tree roots, incorporate your own fears into the story. I am terrified of bees, and imagining getting into a lift of bees is a terrible idea to me.
And then consider: Fearful dogs are living with this very real fear, everyday. It’s not fair when we accept dog fears as “Oh, he’s scared of men” and “Yeah, she doesn’t like visitors”. It is not fair to ‘let it be’, for dogs to experience these very real fears on a daily basis. Instead, a dog’s fears should demands fixing. The solution is normally classical conditioning.
Hugging dogs is a bite risk, so dogs should be desensitised to the sensation. Photo © Ruthless Photos.
Treating Fear Issues
Treating fear issues in dogs is much the same as prevention protocols – That is: A bunch of classical conditioning. However, for an adult dog, it takes more time and is more dangerous. Dunbar believes we spend too much time trying to diagnose ‘why’ with aggressive dogs, but the majority of aggression problems are fear based. For that reason, he suggests the same treatment protocol and that we should ditch trying to figure out ‘why’.
Food is crucial when treating aggression. Normally, aggressive dogs do not find being patted or spoken to rewarding (especially if people are the source of their fear!), so classically conditioning with food is, what Dunbar called, “the only way”.
For Dunbar, treating a fearful dog involved giving them a bunch of food for interacting with people, and for tolerating their body to be touch (desensitisation).
Dogs often bite when they are touched on their collar, ears, mouth, feet, anus, when given a hug, or given a ‘kissy face’ (staring a dog in the eyes while holding their cheeks in your hands). For safety reasons, dogs should be desensitized to these interactions in order to reduce the likelihood of bites. This goes for all dogs, not just those that are fearful.
Further reading: McGreevy on Classical Conditioning
I think food is not crucial, because with Behaviour Adjustment Training (BAT) people have had great results with aggressive dogs and it involves functional rewards like getting away from the feared thing.
Thanks for your comment, Jette. I agree! But I struggled to think of a non-food reward that would be applicable. So thanks for commenting and doing the thinking for me.
I’m enjoying reading your posts about Dunbar’s theories. My dog who has a history of fear-based dog aggression was helped a lot by BAT (where a dog was brought in to the same very large room, and when my dog calmed down and looked at me she got a click and a treat and the other dog went away..I *think* that is BAT?) She learned VERY quickly to not react at all when the other dog was brought into the room. However, that seemed to only work to a point (when the other dog was several feet away and very calm itself.) Food reward has been so so important for me to be able to get to the point where my dog can now see another dog (who may be very excited itself) and just look up at me calmly instead of flipping out.
Thanks for sharing your experiences, Morian. In reality, probably a combination of techniques is useful for all dogs. I hope your dog is doing well now, and I appreciate your comment.
Giving a dog food the way it is explain here would actually be an example of Operant Conditioning not Classical Conditioning. You are using the food as positive reinforcement–which is an aspect used for operant learning.
Hi K. Ian Dunbar uses the term classical conditioning differently than in most literature. I’ll write a post about it eventually.
Basically, he thinks operant conditioning is classical conditioning.